Keywords: Incantation, Wand Movement, Willpower, Concentration;

{-Standard-}
Students should have a conceptual understatement of casting their magic; knowing where their power comes from; and establishing a proper etiquette and form.

[Essential Question]
*What should a Witch/Wizard do to better shape and efficiently cast their magic for desired effects? How has this practice affected charms over the ages?

|General Answer|
Wizards and witches use spell casting components (Incantation, Wand Movement, Willpower, Concentration) in order to accurately and efficiently cast charms. Using and modifying these techniques have allowed charms to evolve and be created over the ages.

Main Generalizations:

*An INCANTATION is the word or words spoken to invoke a spell.

*The WAND MOVEMENT is the shapes you make in the air with your wand to help shape a spell.

*WILLPOWER is the magical strength and focus needed to correctly perform a spell.

*CONCENTRATION is centering your mind on your magic and the desired effect in order to make a spell work.

-Objectives- Students should be able to . . .

+ Understand the effects of various fundamental charms.
+ What the spell casting components of those charms are.
+ How they affect the charm's affects.

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"Flight" Charms: Components and Evolution; A Perfected Charm of the Ages
Accredited to Professor Virneburg

GOAL: Explain various movement charms, their components, and how they compare to each other.


-Hover Charm-
Incantation: Levioso (lev-ee-O-so)
Wand Movement: Inward spiral then upward flick
Willpower: Moderate; determines how heavy of an object can be lifted.
Concentration: None

Explanation/Comparison: One of the first spells devised to try to outshine the Levitation Charm is known as the Hover Charm. Once cast upon an object that you are physically touching in some way, it allows you to move that object up and down.

Practicality: Due to its impractical nature and the advent of more efficient charms, the Hover Charm does not see much use.


-Rocket Charm-
Incantation: Alarte Ascendare (A-lar-tay a-SEN-day-ray)
Wand Movement: Quick swish
Willpower: High; determines how high the object will ascend before falling
Concentration: None

Explanation/Comparison: This charm does not require that you be touching your target, which is a significant improvement. However, it is only capable of propelling an object straight up into the air and back down again. The height obtained is somewhat controllable depending upon the effort you put into it.

Practicality: The height obtained is somewhat controllable depending upon the effort you put into it. However the height is not very significant and heavier objects will move less, making this a fairly impractical charm with limited use.


-Floating Charm-
Incantation: Fluito (floo-EE-toe)
Wand Movement: Jab then upward flick
Willpower: High to very high depending on weight and distance of target
Concentration: Moderate; should be maintained on target object

Explanation/Comparison: Unlike the Hover Charm, this spell can target a distant object rather than requiring physical contact. Unlike the Rocket Charm, this spell involves controlled vertical movement.

Practicality: However, the charm is not without its limitations. Objects can only be levitated a handful of feet into the air, and they cannot be directed to move any other way besides up and down. This charm still found some practical use, however; shopkeepers and the occasional witch or wizard doing some spring cleaning could levitate an object long enough to then clean and see what was underneath it.


-Levitation Charm-
Incantation: Wingardium Leviosa (win-GAR-dee-um levi-O-sa)
Wand Movement: Swish and flick
Willpower: Low; Visualize your energy coming from your body and lifting the object.
Concentration: Moderate; on the thing you want to levitate

Explanation/Comparison: The Levitation Charm, invented by Jarleth Hobart, is the closest the Wizarding World has come to true flight. The charm is easy enough that you will learn it as first year students. It allows the caster to control not only the vertical movement of an object but its movement back and forth or side to side. Height is also less of a restriction, though levitating or maintaining levitation on something very far away can be difficult. The charm even allows you to lift objects normally too heavy for you to lift yourself, though this also requires some effort.


Practicality: Now, the Levitation Charm can be used on humans, however, this can only be done by very studied and practiced witches and wizards and should never, ever be attempted as a student. Doing so requires much concentration on all parts of the person and intense control over your magic. Casting this spell recklessly on another person can cause them serious injury from the force of being thrown in the air and then falling back to the ground with nothing slowing them down.


**NOTE: IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT STUDENTS SHOULD BE TAUGHT AND PRACTICE A VARIETY OF CHARMS**