Shield Charm

Incantation: pro-TAY-goh

Wand Movement: Vertical slash

Light: Bright, transparent blue

Type: Charm

Protego, or the Shield Charm, is a difficult spell that can be used to protect against almost any spell, and even physical entities. Hogwarts is likely to teach you this at one point, but it appears one should begin practice it much earlier than what is generally claimed: for it is one of the most useful defensive charms out there. Even most adults have difficulties casting it. Relax and raise your wand, move your hand in a vertical "slash", and incant "pro-TAY-goh". If executed properly, a bright blue, transparent shield will appear before you, from your wand. It will protect you from physical entities and spells alike. Powerful versions of this spell are able to do extraordinary things, such as knocking the opponent off his feet as he tries to cast a spell on you, or shielding entire areas. However, remember: The Shield Charm cannot protect you against unblockable spells, such as Avada Kedavra.

Impediment Jinx

Incantation: im-PED-a-MEN-ta

Wand Movement: Horizontal slash

Light: Turquoise

Type: Jinx

Impedimenta, also known as the Impediment Jinx or the Impediment Hex, (although it is more often considered a jinx, than a hex), is a spell that slows its target. While Hogwarts is also likely to teach this, it is a valuable spell to add to your arsenal. It has several uses. Less experienced casters may, with practice, be able to slow a target slightly. Moderately experienced casters will be able to properly use the spell to immobilize their target. However, casters experienced with the jinx may be able to cause additional effects, such as throwing the target backwards or levitate their victims.