BELL-BREAKER CULTURE

The Bell Beaker Culture was an ancient, completely magical culture that left its mark on history during the Stone and Bronze Ages in Europe. This culture was involved in the development of writing, and its symbols are believed to have been used in wand movements and to pass messages and words. Furthermore, this culture is known for building stone structures, such as Stonehenge, which channeled astronomical magic for various purposes, including fertility, warrior strength, and stamina enhancement. Stonehenge was discovered by Muggles in the 17th century, but its true magical purpose was rediscovered in the 19th century. The Muggle story of "The Witch and the Misfortune of DeBolbec" bears similarities to the wizarding version of the story, but reflects the growing separation between Wizarding and Muggle societies due to the spread of Christianity and the lack of tolerance for magic on the part of the Muggles. of some Muggle religions. This separation led to the creation of the International Statute of Secrecy.

ANCIENT GREECE

The ancient Greeks had a special relationship with their gods and believed that magical powers were a divine gift. Magic in ancient Greece was often seen as a tool to get what you wanted, although it was also occasionally used to help Muggles in the communities in which they lived. An example of magical intervention was the construction of the Parthenon, where Pericles used magic to help build the magnificent temple to the goddess Athena. In addition, during Classical Antiquity, magic was also mixed with warfare, and many conflicts were won through magical blood and knowledge. Philip II of Macedonia used magic-based military tactics to strengthen his empire, and his son, Alexander the Great, expanded the empire using his magical skills and military knowledge. However, after Alexander's death, Rome seized the opportunity to conquer both Macedonia and Greece in 145 BC. C., becoming the dominant power in the Mediterranean.

ANCIENT ROME

The Romans were deity-focused, but less tolerant of magic than the ancient Greeks. Despite this, most magic went unnoticed by Muggles, as it was often explained away by myth or divine intervention. Romulus, one of the founders of Rome, was noted as a leading practitioner of the magical arts. He is credited with creating love potions to populate the new civilization by having Roman men use them on the women of the neighboring tribe. However, as time progressed, Roman laws became more restrictive against magic, and in 81 BC. C., love spells and poisons were prohibited. Roman witches and wizards were eventually banished and disputes arose over whether Muggles should submit to magical blood or hide from it.