Lesson Two

Some Vocabulary and Theory

Potion: A potion is a magical mixture composed of magical, mundane, and transitional ingredients. Each of these ingredients have their own propreties that affect the human body in a positive or negative way. When they are put in a cauldron with thermal and magical energy, they form new chemicals and compounds. 

Mixture: A mixture is a combination of multiple substances with no reaction. This means the molecules have not changed and are coexisting. A mixture is considered heterogeneous means multiple components put together, components you can pull apart and identify. 

Compound: A compound is the opposite of a mixture, and is a pure substance that occurs as a result of a chemical reaction of some sort between different substances. A compound is homogeneous, or a single component, one ingredient throughout. 

A potion is a mixture of compounds. 

Solution:A solution is a type of mixture, with a small amount of one substance, called a solute, spread throughout a greater quantity of substance, known as the solvent. Ex: Salt water is a solution, with salt being the solute, and the water being the solvent. Another example would be our atmosphere, a solution of elements and chemicals 

Mundane Physics: Divided into solids, liquids and gases, which are composed of basic units known as atoms, or molecules, which are groupings of two or more atoms. The particles of a solid are closely packed and slow moving, liquid particles are packed less close and move more dynamically, and gas particles have lots of space and move the fastest. There is a fourthknown as "plasma". 

A phase transition is the term for when one of these phases passes through to another phase. This happens through a shift in energy, such as gaining or losing heat. 

Transitions:

From Solid to Liquid: Melting 

From Solid to Gas: Sublimation

From Liquid to Solid: Freezing

From Liquid to Gas: Evaporation

From Gas to Solid: Deposition

From Gas to Liquid: Condensation