Alphabets:

The earliest known alphabet is known as the Phoenician Alphabe, dating back to at least 1050 B.C.E. The important thing to understand is that we still use the same alphabet developed three millennia ago with relatively minimal changes. it's amazing that the sounds and representation is even vaguely recognizable.

Incantations:

Incantations are almost always one or two words long. Most incantations we will cover have Latin origins. different magical practices exist in many other countries as well.Latin is one of the oldest known languages that we have a fairly comprehensive grasp of. Most European languages descend from Latin.the incantation for the Hover Charm, 'Levioso'  The Latin root for the incantation, the word "levis" means "light of weight." 

it is essential that you look up the pronunciation for any incantation you are unfamiliar with or listen very carefully when your professors talk about one in class.

The Fire-Making Charm

Incantation: Incendio
Wand Movement: Curved flick up and down
Willpower: Low to very high depending on the distance of the target and the difficulty of igniting the target.
Concentration: Less needed for a simple light, more needed for a continuous stream of fire.

 Notes: this spell is not to be taken lightly. You should practice it only within a well-ventilated area and not around anything you do not want to catch fire. A backfire with this spell could literally set your clothes on fire. the Fire-Making Charm is also a spell that will mature as you continue in your studies and develop your focus. It is a good way to test how your magic is changing. more experience and practice, the user can typically make a small stream of fire flow from the tip of their wand, like a flamethrower. The Fire-Making Charm is one of the oldest-known spells, its incantation and wand movement both simple and elegant. the Fire-Making Charm, has an incantation that comes directly from a Latin word. The word "incendio" in Latin literally means "fire"

The Locomotion Charm

Incantation: Locomotor
Wand Movement: Full circle with an upward flick toward the target at the end, then pointed where the object should go.
Willpower: Moderate to very high, depending on the distance and weight of the object.
Concentration: Minimal concentration should be maintained on the target object.

Notes: It is the combination of two words from ancient Latin. "Loco" means place or location "motor" means to move. together it means "move to a place," The true purpose of the Locomotion Charm is to move the target from one place to another. It is usually useful to specify the target of the spell verbally as well. If you want to target a nearby trunk, as most students do when moving theirs around, you can say Locomotor Trunk to make the target clearer. It's important to note that the Locomotion Charm does not work on living things, only objects.