7th planet from the Sun is Uranus. William Hershel discovered it in 1781, it is both Gas & Ice Giant. William tried to name the planet Georgian Sidus; but it was name after the Greek God of the Sky. Jovian family & similar to Neptune.

Each planet has an oddity. Uranus' axis is 90 degrees to one side. One time in its orbit, its North Pole faces directly at the Sun. 1/2 a Uranus year, its South Pole faces the Sun.
Voyager 2 encountered Uranus in 1986, the North Pole was directly at the Sun.
Uranus' axis produces extreme seasonal effects. At the height of northern summer, when the pole is closest to the Sun, someone living at that pole would discover the Sun would never set. Though, the sun would move in a circle, one day is 17.2 Earth hours & one year is 84 Earth years.
Over time, because of its orbit & rotation, the circle the Sun makes will grow larger & larger. Soon enough, the days turn into nights & then grow longer. 21 Earth years after summer solstice is the autumnal equinox, shrinking the days & nights.
The days would shorten to the point that it'll never rise again. The eternal darkness lasts the same period of time as the eternal daylight, making the Northern Hemisphere plunge into winter. The days would eventually lengthen in the vernal equinox & then turn into the eternal sunshine.
If you were standing on the equator of Uranus, summer & winter would both be equally cold, with the sun never rising high above the horizon. But, spring & autumn would both be equally warm because the sun would pass overhead everyday.
No one knows why Uranus' axis is tilted so weirdly. Theorised that during the stages of planetary birth, a planet-size body hit it, altering it's axis. Though, there is no evidence or theory into how we can find out.

Studies show, from the sunlight reflected from Uranus' clouds, that it has the same atmosphere as Jupiter & Saturn. Hydrogen is the element that sticks out the most, then helium & methane. Ammonia, though, is not present. The more methane, the bluer the reflected light from the planet, there is enough methane in this Ice Giant that it appears bluish-green.
Voyager 2 detected some cloud features which became clearer with more enhancement. The clouds are made of ice crystals because of the cold upper atmosphere.
Uranus has no internal heat, because the planet has low surface heat, clouds are found in low-lying, warmer areas. Since there is no high-level clouds, it is harder to see the wind patterns like there is on Jupiter & Saturn.

2014, 27 moons are known to orbit Uranus. William Herschel discovered & named Titania & Oberon, the planet's 2 largest of 5 moons in 1789. William Lassel located Ariel & Umbriel, 3rd & 4th largest moons, in 1851. Gerard Kuiper found Miranda in 1948. 10 smaller moons, discovered by Voyager 2, orbit Miranda. Most of them are related to the planet's ring system. They all orbit the equator.
1 more was found after looking over Voyager 2's images. Systematic ground-based searches were made in 1997 & found the remaining 21 moons.
Most of the planet's moons are named after William Shakespeare's plays & some of Alexander Pope's most famous works. Miranda was for the Princess of Milan in Shakespeare's, The Tempest. Titania & Oberon was after characters from A Midsummer Night's Dream. Ariel & Umbriel were from a poem by Alexander Pope.

All Jovian planets have rings. Uranus' rings differ from all the others. 1977, scientists observed a stellar "occultation" (when the planets ring passed in front of a star, dimming its light). This phenomena happens only a few times per decade, which allows scientists to measure planetary structures that are to small to be observed directly. The discovery was supposed to be studying the planet's atmosphere by watching it absorb starlight. 40 mins before the planet passed over the star, there were 2 flickers, showing that the planet has 2 very thin & narrow rings. This was exciting news at the time because Saturn was the only planet to have rings.
1979, Voyager 1 arrived & caught the 1st sight of Uranus' rings, Neptune's rings were discovered by Voyager 2.
There are 9 rings around Uranus. In order of increasing size: Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta & Epsilon, they range from 44,000km-51,000km from the planet's center. There is a faint ring called Eta between Beta & Gamma & 3 more called 4,5 & 6 in between Alpha and the planet. 1986, Voyager 2 discovered another 2 fainter rings, 1 between Delta & Epsilon, 1 between ring 6 & the planet.
Uranus' rings are dark, narrow & widely spread out. Not including Epsilon & the ring closest to the planet, each ring is less than 10km wide. The spacing is about a few 100km-1,000km. They are only 10s of m thick like Saturn's.
The density of the particles in Uranus' rings is like that of Saturn's A & B rings. The particles in the rings are smaller than a cm in diameter. They are less reflective because they are also covered in the dark material the planet's moons are covered with as well.
Uranus' rings need a "shephard satellite" to make sure they don't drift off towards space or to the planet itself. The theory of shephad satellites formed before Voyager 2 even encountered Saturn. It detected Cordelia & Ophelia the shephards of the Epsilon ring. There must be more.

Lesson 7 Quiz-67%=6 points=P=Poor
Don't refer to lesson. Taken only once. No due date. 3 True/False Questions, 3 Multiple Choice questions.

Chapters 8 and 10 Test-100%=10 points=O=Outstanding
Read carefully. Don't refer to book. Taken only once. No due date. 4 True/False questions, 6 Multiple Choice questions.