LESSON 1

In ancient times, magic was practiced much more openly and freely than it is today. The first instances of dedicated wand making lies with the Ollivander family, who have been making wands since 382 BC. Beginning around 1000 AD, the Wizarding World has already partially separated from the Muggles, and for approximately 400 years is ruled by the Council of Warlocks. In the 1400s, various magical governments are established based on cultural and locational values. Witches and Wizards are persecuted throughout the 1600s with such instances as the witch burnings. Problems culminate in the introduction of the International Statute of Secrecy in 1689. This international law completes the separation of the two worlds. Each government becomes responsible for hiding all evidence of magical activity, including the magical flora and fauna (plants and animals) of the Wizarding World. Anyone under the age of 17 falls within the guidelines of the Decree for the Reasonable Restriction of Underage Sorcery established in 1875. This law states that no student is allowed to practice magic outside of school. Exceptions are made in the case when your life, or the life of a fellow Witch, Wizard or Muggle is at stake.

Magic was not always formally taught or controlled. Those with only a weak affinity for magic were able to lead relatively normal lives, but others caused great destruction. Some of their actions were noticeable enough to even become mythology. Primitive tools like crystals, crude wands made of little more than a hippogriff wing feather wrapped around a stick, and metal rods all allowed some to exert a level of control over their magic. A wooden shaft containing a core from a powerful magical creature, the wand allows us to focus and channel our power to achieve the desired result. 

WAND-LIGHTING CHARM: This simple spell will allow you to illuminate the tip of your wand. You should keep the wand movement in mind, and don't focus too hard or the tip of your wand will turn a scarlet. Too little charge and it will be a pearly white. You should aim for a nice light yellow, which indicates sufficient effort. Of course, circumstances may call for a weaker or stronger light. Its counter-spell is the Wand-Extinguishing Charm.
Incantation:Lumos
Pronunciation:‘LOO-mos’
Wand Movement:“Single counter-clockwise loop”

WAND-EXTINGUISHING CHARM:
Incantation:Nox
Pronunciation:‘NOCK-ss’
Wand Movement:“Swift flick”

LESSON 2

“Squib”: Someone with no ability to use magic but with limited ability to detect magical activity or use magical devices.
“Muggle-born”: Children of muggles several generations removed from magical heritage that can possess magical ability.Magical power is in your veins, flowing through your body with your blood. Intention and will matter. Your mind and your thoughts guide your power to flow outward from your fingertips when your body would otherwise naturally keep it inside. 

HOVER CHARM: One of the earliest known spells that allowed us to magically move something. Must be touching the object in some way while casting the spell, and the movement can only be up/down. It is impractical, so it isn't used much.
Incantation:Levioso
Pronunciation:‘Lev-ee-O-so’
Wand Movement:“Inward Spiral then Up”

ROCKET CHARM: Does not require touch. Only capable of propelling an object up into the air and back down. The height obtained can depend on the effort you put in. Heavier objects move less when this spell is used. Considered impractical with limited use.
Incantation:Alarte Ascendare
Pronunciation: ‘A-lar-tay a-SEN-day-ray’
Wand Movement:“Quick Swish at the End”

FLOATING CHARM: Can target a distant object. The effects of this spell are controlled vertical movement. The object can only be levitated a handful of feet into the air, and it cannot move any other way besides up/down. It could be used when cleaning, to see what's underneath a large object, or clean underneath said object.
Incantation:Fluito
Pronunciation:‘flew-EE-toe’
Wand Movement:“Jab and Upward Flick”

LEVITATION CHARM: Allows the caster to control vertical, back-and-forth and side to side movement. Height is less of a restriction, even though controlling the levitation of an object which is far away can be difficult. To lift heavy objects, more effort has to be put into the spell. The Levitation Charm has only one limitation: it does not work on humans. Even on clothing, it'll only move slightly and not be controllable.
Incantation:Wingardium Leviosa
Pronunciation:‘wing-GAR-dee-um lehvee-O-sa’
Wand Movement:“Swish and Flick”